1601006188 LONG CASE Medicine

 This  is an online E log book to discuss our patient's de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian's signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patient's problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patient's clinical problems with collective current best evidence based inputs. This E log book also reflects my patient-centered online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on the comment box is welcome.

A 56 year old female patient, resident of Raselpuram who is farmer by occupation came to hospital with Chief complaints of

Shortness of breath since 2 months

Swelling of legs since 2 months.

She previously went to a hospital in Nalgonda 5 yrs back with complaints of severe back pain radiating to lower abdomen and groin,fever and burning micturation and was diagnosed as Renal stones. 

After 1 yr she again visited the hospital for followup checkup then was diagnosed as Chronic Kidney disease for which she was on medical treatment for 4 yrs and now on MHD since 3 months.

Now she presented with complaints of :

Shortness of breath since 2 months

Swelling of legs  since 2 months

Shortness of breath was insidious in onset, gradually progressive from grade 2 to grade 3(NYHA grading). Aggrevated on walking and while performing daily activities. Worsens at night and on lying down(Orthopnea), releived on medications initially but later on it is not releived by medications also.

H/o reduced urine output.

No h/o fever, chills, cough, hemoptysis, sputum production,

No h/o chest pain, palpitations,  syncope

No h/o abdominal pain, abdominal distension ,nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 

Past history:

K/c/o  Hypertension since 7 yrs ( visited to the hospital with complaints of headache and neck pain) - on medication (Telmisartan ;used medication irregularly)

No h/o DM ,Thyroid disorders, Asthma, Epilepsy,TB, coronary artery disorders

Menstrual history:

Age of menarche :13 years, regular cycles 5/30

Menopause attained at 50 years

Family history: Not relevant 

Personal history: 

Diet:Mixed

Appetite: Decreased

Sleep: Decreased

Bowel: Regular

Bladder: Decrease urine output

No addictions

Drug history: 

NSAIDS (diclofenac) used for renal pain 

Medications to control hypertension - telmisartan(80mg)

No known drug allergies

General examination:-  (consent obtained)

The patient is conscious, coherent, cooperative , well built and well nourished. Well oriented to time,place and person.

Pallor-present 

Clubbing- absent

Cyanosis- absent

Koilonychia- absent

Lymphadenopathy- absent

Pedal edema- bilateral  grade 2 pitting type

Vitals-

Temperature- Afebrile

BP- 110/70 mm Hg right arm in supine position

PR- 88 bpm, regular rhythm

RR- 20 cpm thoraco-abdominal.

SpO2:- 94% at room temperature.

 

SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

Respiratory examination:

Upper respiratory system- 

Oral cavity- normal

Nose- normal 

Pharynx- normal 

Lower Respiratory Tract:

Inspection: 

Trachea: central 

Shape of chest: Elliptical 

Symmetry of chest  : symmetrical 

Movement: B/L symmetrical expansion of chest during respiration

Apex beat- left 5th ICS medial to MCL

No scars, engorged veins or sinuses.

Palpation:

All inspectory findings are confirmed by palpation.

Trachea: central - (confirmed by  three finger test.)

Assessment of anterior and posterior chest expansion- B/L symmetrical expansion of chest.
No chest wall tenderness 
Vocal fremitus- normal

 

Percussion :

                                  Right               Left

    SCA                 Resonant          Resonant 

    ICA                  Resonant          Resonant     

Mammary         Resonant          Resonant

   IMA                 Resonant          Resonant 

Axillary             Resonant          Resonant

   IAA                  Resonant          Resonant

Suprascapular   Resonant          Resonant Interscapular     Resonant          Resonant

Infrascapular     Resonant          Resonant

 

Auscultation :  

 

Basal crakles are heard on both sides 

                               Right               Left 

   SCA                    NVBS              NVBS

   ICA                     NVBS              NVBS 

Mammary           NVBS              NVBS

   IMA                   NVBS              NVBS           

 Axillary              NVBS              NVBS

   IAA                    NVBS              NVBS

Suprascapular   NVBS              NVBS

Interscapular     NVBS              NVBS

Infrascapular     NVBS              NVBS

Vocal resonance - normal 

Cardiovascular System :

Inspection :
No scars sinuses and engorged veins.
No visible pulsations 

Palpation:
apical impulse : felt in fifth inter coastal space 

Auscultation:
S1 and S2 heard 
No murmurs 


Per Abdomen:

Inspection:
Shape : elliptical 
Quadrants of abdomen moving in accordance with respiration.
Umbilicus- central and inverted
No scars sinuses or engorged veins 

Palpation:
No tenderness 
No organomegaly

Percussion :
tympanic 

Auscultation:
Normal bowel sounds heard

CNS:
Higher mental functions-normal 
Cranial nerves- intact
Sensory system- normal
Motor system- normal 
Meningeal signs- absent 
Cerebellar signs- absent

INVESTIGATIONS:

CBP -  reduced Hb

CUE - albumin in urine

LFT -

   reduced total protein 

   reduced albumin

RFT - 

     raised urea

     raised cretinine

     raised uric acid and calcium

CXR - 

    Mild cardiomegaly

   Perihilar hazziness

   Air bronchogram appearance 

   Ground glass opacities and interstitial        

       opacities

    

        

USG - 

    Right kidney Grade 2 RPD

    Left kidney Grade 1 RPD

PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS :

Chronic kidney disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis with Pulmonary edema

TREATMENT:

Tab.LASIX 40mg BD

Tab.PAN  40mg OD

Tab.NODOSIS  500mg  BD

Tab. OROFER XT   OD

Inj.Erythropoietin 4000 IU/SC

BP,PR,Spo2 -monitoring

Salt and fluid restriction 

1601006188 SHORT CASE Medicine

This  is an online E log book to discuss our patient's de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian's signed informed consent. 

Here we discuss our individual patient's problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patient's clinical problems with collective current best evidence based inputs. 

This E log book also reflects my patient-centered online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on the comment box is welcome.

 A 46 yr old female, labourer by occupation resident of Nakirekal came to the hospital with

chief complaints of -

Shortness of Breath since 5 days and 

Generalized edema since 5 days. 

History of Present illness : 

      Patient was apparently asymptomatic 5 days back then she developed Shortness of Breath which was insidious in onset, gradually progressed from Grade 2 to Grade 4 (NYHA grading), aggravated on exposure to dust, cold, lying down(orthopnea) and wakes up in the middle of the night(PND) relieved on medication, associated with chest discomfort and Generalized Swelling  since 5 days, started in legs first then progressed to entire body.

Associated with cough with mucoid expectoration and wheeze since 5 days.

Past history: 

Similar complaints in past every 6-8 months

K/c/o COPD since 8 yrs and on inhalers

K/c/o HTN since 2 yrs and on medication (Telmisartan 80 mg OD)

ON EXAMINATION : 

Patient was conscious , coherent  and cooperative , moderately built and moderately nourished.

Pallor present

Icterus absent,

clubbing absent, 

cyanosis absent ,

koilonychia absent,

lymphadenopathy absent,

Bilateral pitting type of pedal edema is present upto the level of knee.

Vitals:

Temperature:-Afebrile

Pulse rate :- 91 bpm, regular rhythm ,voluminous

Blood pressure:- 110/70 mmHg, right upper arm in sitting position

Respiratory rate: - 28 /min, thoraco-abdominal

JVP:- raised 

Hepatomegaly

Ascites present.

CARDIOVASCULAR EXAMINATION:

Inspection -

   precordium appears to be normal.

Palpation - 

  Left parasternal heave

  Palpable P2

  Apex beat in the left 5th intercostal space    lateral to midclavicular line.

Auscultation -

  S1, S2 heard

  Loud P2 

  No murmurs 

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM :

Inspection -

Shape and symmetry of chest is normal

Trachea appears to be central 

Respiratory movements - rate is increased

Palpation - no tenderness or local rise of temperature

Trachea is central

Apical impulse in the left 5 th intercostal space lateral to midclavicular line.

Increased vocal fremitus is noted in the inframammary areas.

Percussion - dull notes were felt in the infraaxillary and infrascapular areas

Auscultation - bilateral decreased breath sounds and bilateral rhonchi and crepitations present in the inframammary, infraaxillary and infrascapular areas

CXR :

Lower lung consolidation

Perihilar hazziness

Enlarged central pulmonary artery

                    

  ECG:

     Right axis deviation

     Dominant S wave in V5

     P pulmonale

 

PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:-

 Right heart failure secondary to COPD(Cor pulmonale)